Stress shows itself in a number of ways. Firstly it can affect individuals physically, behaviorally and psychologically. Secondly it can have organizational consequences.

Physical Consequences:
Out of the physical correlates of work stress, the most focused is that related to the cardiovascular system. Following are some of the physical consequences of stress. : Sleep difficulties, Loss of appetite, High blood pressure, High cholesterol level, Heart Disease, Strokes, Diabetes, and Ulcers.

Behavioral Consequences:
The behavioral consequences of stress are: Anger, Frustration, Anxiety, More irritability with family members, Depression, Feeling powerless, increased use of drugs or sleeping pills.

Psychological Consequences: Long term stress can manifest in the following psychological consequences; Serious depression, Accidents, Domestic violence, Suicidal behavior, Alcoholism.

Organizational Consequences:
Stress is a cause of concern in almost all the organizations. It is one of the prime factors that result in lagging productivity, rising cost, more errors, more absenteeism and higher employee turnover rate. Stressed employees are less creative and less effective decision makers. What about the risk an organization is exposed to when talented and loyal employees become ill, burnout and are consequently job disabled, or are faced into premature retirement?

Organizational consequences of jobs stress are those outcomes that are traditionally defined as employee’s effectiveness. Three of the most traditional criteria that are linked to work stress are work performance (quantity and quality), attendance (absenteeism) and membership (turnover): Absenteeism, High turnover, Low productivity, Rising costs, More errors, Less creativity, Low morale.

Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is perceived to be both uncertain and important.

Stress is a condition of strain on one’s emotions, thought processes and physical conditions that seem to threaten one’s ability to cope with the environment. Stress may be termed as pressure or it is tension that is created by pressure. It always gives an unpleasant feeling.

Stress has been defined as a poor fit between an individual’s resources and demands. Stress is a normal occurrence that often arises when you perceive a situation as threatening, or when you are dealing with an unusually large number of everyday responsibilities. With the intense demands of home and work life, many people are experiencing intense stress. Stress in one setting can affect stress levels in the other.

What are the causes of work stress?
There are three sets of factors that are responsible for causing stress.

Environmental Factors:
Environmental uncertainty influences stress levels of employees in an organization. Changes in the business cycle create economic uncertainties. When the economy is contracting, people become increasingly anxious about their security. Political uncertainties are also a cause of stress.

Technological uncertainty is also a type of environmental factor that can cause stress. New innovations can make an employee’s skills and experience obsolete in a very short period of time.

Organizational Factors:
There are no shortage of factors in organizations that can cause stress. These are typical causes of stress at work :
• Bullying or harassment, by anyone, not necessarily a person’s manager
• feeling powerless and uninvolved in determining one’s own responsibilities
• Continuous unreasonable performance demands
• Lack of effective communication and conflict resolution
• Lack of job security
• Long working hours
• Excessive time away from home and family
• Office politics and conflict among staff
• A feeling that one’s reward is not commensurate with one’s responsibility.

Individual Factors:
A person susceptibility to stress can be affected by any or all of these factors, which means that everyone has a different tolerance to stressors. And in respect of certain of these factors, stress susceptibility is not fixed, so each person’s stress tolerance level changes over time:
• Childhood experience (abuse can increase stress susceptibility)
• Personality (certain personalities are more stress-prone than others)
• Genetics (particularly inherited relaxation response, connected with serotonin levels, the brains ‘well-being, chemical’)
• Immunity abnormality (as might cause certain diseases such as arthritis and eczema, which weaken stress resilience)
• Lifestyle (principally poor diet and lack of exercise)
• Duration and intensity of stressors

There are various styles of writing. It depends upon the author how to present his ideas, feelings, and attitudes to the problems he has undertaken explore. Six types of essay writing are generally followed:

(i) Narrative writing – to relate or recount events i.e., story element, drama, dialogue, fictional writing. ;

(ii) Descriptive writing – to draw a wordscape, to give an account or describe an object process, situation, problem, etc.

(iii) Explanatory writing – to uncover details bringing out a composite picture of a situation or problem.

(iv) Argumentative or analytical writing to make a critical analysis of the materials and the problem; to develop a particular stand-point on a topic.

Scientific and technical writing – In this style of writing, a hypothesis or theory is investigated and applied which bring to some conclusion. The conclusion should be verifiable by other readers and writers.

Application for a Job: Consists of two parts (1) your bio-data and (2) a covering letter. Bio-data is often referred to as curriculum vitae or resume. The application including the bio-data creates an impression of the candidate in the selector’s mind. To make sure that your application is taken seriously, there are there things you must follow :

(i) Compile accurate information about your life. Include details like age, academic qualifications, co-curricular activities, work experience, publications, seminars attended and membership held.

(ii) Present the information properly for there is one thing you must remember. It is through your packaging that the employer gets a clear picture of your personality. AH the information that you provide must be chronologically arranged in reverse order and there must be sub-headings wherever possible. For instance, work experience should be explained in a proper reverse sequence.

(iii) The bio-data should be formulated impressively with margins on both the left and right hand sides of the paper. The left hand margin should be about 4 cms vide and the right margin 2 cms. The top and bottom margins should be about 3 cms. Type your name and the designation you are applying for on the top of the page. Read your semi-final draft for corrections, make the necessary changes, and make the final draft thereafter, do not make corrections with a pen. When you make a bio-data, there is one thing you must remember a good bio-data, and half your jobs is done.

Well cultivated writing skills are helpful at all levels of management and administration. A manager may have to write for expressing or supporting and opinion, choosing and defending a point of view, presenting and argument or for persuading and audience. There are some elements which can make the writing more effective. These are :

(i) Understanding the problem carefully: – Make sure that the problem is well understood then consider the ways that can be used to address the problem. It is a good idea to briefly note down some of these ideas. We can also take a look at the way similar problem was handled by others in the organization.

(ii) Organize your ideas with an outline: – Use the ideas that you have noted down while considering their problem. Organize them into logical series by using an outline.

(iii) Budget your time: – Any good writing requires corrections and rewriting before a final draft is made. It is a good idea to decide how much time you are going to spend on one writing.
Use correct sentence structure and appropriate words: – One makes more grammatical mistakes if he makes long and complex sentences. It is a good idea to keep the sentences to short and use simple words.

(iv) Don’t waste time worrying about spelling, punctuation, and grammar: Incorrect spelling, punctuation, and grammar will hurt your score it the errors make your essay difficult to understand. You should attempt to write your essay as correctly as possible, but don’t waste time worrying whether or not each sentence is grammatical or each word is spelled correctly. Such an approach blocks the flow of your ideas-

Don’t waste time worrying about whether other people will agree with your opinions and argument: Your essay is evaluated on how you present your argument, not on whether the evaluator agrees with you. Be sure you have supported your argument well and have answered all parts of the question.

Conclusion: In the end always remember to give a conclusion to your write-up.