Background:
Definition of success certainly differs from person to person. While some may treat only economic success as a benchmark for labeling a person as successful ignoring other failures like health inefficiency divorce etc. For some others success can be measured by the capacity of a person to overcome challenges irrespective of the earnings and the private life of that person. So how can we define a person as a successful one or as a failure? Can we say that grades and examinations results achieved in school and college predict or ensure a successful future? If this is true a lot of young people should be encouraged to gain higher formal qualifications but then how shall we explain the cases of persons like Richard Branson and Bill Gates who are college drop outs. Can we say that all the young people who did not have the opportunity to acquire academic certificates are failures in life?
Arguments in favor of:

1. The first question asked while applying for a job, looking for a business partner or even proposing marriage is “what do you do?”. No curriculum vitae, résumé or bio-data is accepted if it does not mention the educational qualification of a person. It has become an unannounced rule of the social as well as the corporate world that the academic qualifications of a person are treated as a big leap towards opportunity.

2. Academic qualifications ensure that the person has the basics in learning. Success in life is highly possible when a person has strong basic grounding in subjects like maths, science and languages. These allow a person to calculate, innovate and communicate effectively. For learning these essentials of success, professional help at schools and colleges is required. When these institutions are satisfied with the learning of a person, they issue the certificates which indicate the competence of the person and are called the academic qualifications of a person.

3. A few exceptions like Bill Gates can not and should not make a child abandon his or her studies. A few exceptions among successful persons can not be treated as a general rule. Moreover while keepings these few successful persons without high academic qualifications in mind we can not ignore millions of engineers, doctors and other professionals who rely upon their education for success. No country can do without these professions.

4. Academic qualifications provide and all round experiences of life along with an opportunity to meet different people having divorce background. It also allows us to reflect on the importance of values and culture in our life. These things are necessary for terming a person as successful. Widespread education helps in the creation of civilized nation. It uplifts moral and ethics by exposing people to the great thinkers and philosophers from the past. It also makes people aware of their rights and liberties.

5. Academic qualifications alone may not be enough for ensuring success they certainly indicate that the person having these qualifications has what it takes to be successful. It would be difficult for employers to choose suitable candidates if they don’t have any educational qualifications. Academic grades are also important because students have to work hard, learn specialist knowledge and master demanding skills in order to achieve good exam grades. These are important characteristics for success in any field and this is the reason by employers greatly value academic qualifications.

Arguments against:

1. Success is not dependent on grades. Had success and opportunities been measured by grades alone there would have been no requirement of an interview and the person with best qualifications would have got the job. Even the potential marriage partners also ask for bio-data where other qualifications apart from the academic once are mentioned. Thus academic qualifications alone can not ensure success, it depends on the personality, physical characteristics and the willingness to work hard of a person.

2. Success is not about getting good grades or a degree. If this had been the case all graduates from Oxford Harvard or Cambridge would have been uniformly successful. The rule of success is certainly hard work. For example an engineering student with good grades could be successful in getting a job but if he is not effective in proper planning, solving crises or relation building he will not go to for in his job and is found to pay doubt eventually.

3. A large number of professionals are successful but even they want to be employed by person like Richard Branson or Bill Gates. Prosperity is not dependent on academic qualifications rather it depends on opportunities that are provided by entrepreneurs and it is not necessary that all these entrepreneurs are highly qualified. In fact successful entrepreneurs derived a benefit from their lack of academic qualifications because colleges and universities might have forced them to think like the millions of other person who graduate from these institutions.

4. Academic qualifications have not proved to be successful in restraining people from becoming drunkards, war mongers and rapists. The incidents of domestic violence and broken families have also not come down with the increased in the academic qualifications. True success should be measured by the moral courage of a person to speak against injustice and atrocities, generosity towards poor and respect for parents. These characteristics can be found in people from all types of social and educational backgrounds but are often missing in persons with high academic qualifications.

5. It has been seen that academic qualifications have very little relevance when it comes to the jobs assigned to the graduates. Only a few decades ago employers were recruiting people directly from school in areas like banking, management and government services and then training these persons on the job. These persons were promoted to higher levels according their abilities. The requirements of these jobs have not changed much but now all applicants are required to have a university degree. This situation is not in favor of talented young people having poorer backgrounds.

Conclusion:
Academic qualifications ensure success in life and make the society worth living.

Background:
Abortion is a very contentious issue and involves the dilemma i.e. faced by modern societies. The question is if the termination of the child in womb of the mother should be allowed? The question is more fundamental for some when they ask at what stage the foetus can be regarded as a child. The people giving religious and strict pro life arguments are countered by the argument of the right of the mother to choose. There is no universal agreement and there are significant restrictions on abortion in many countries.

Arguments in favor of:
1. It has always been argued that woman should have control over their body as they have to carry the child throughout the pregnancy and give birth to the child. As it becomes their responsibility of woman alone, she alone should have the right to decide. Child birth is an important matter in life of every woman and in case she is not willing to carry the child for 9 months and then give birth, she should have a right to refuse to do so. There are very few examples present where a human being has to bear such profound consequences against her will.

2. Ban against abortion not only offends the right of a woman to choose but there is a practical problem involved in it to. For enforcing such a ban the treatment meted out to woman to wish to their foetus aborted would be quiet inhumane and degrading. The woman would have an option to travel to a country where abortion is legal and have their foetus terminated and to stop it the state would have to impose restriction on travel of pregnant woman. Thus such a ban is practical unworkable the demand for abortion will always be their and making it illegal would simply force it underground. In such conditions the safety and health of woman could be at risk.

3. Another important issue is the determination of the point where life begins. Can we equate the termination of a foetus which is not conscious of its existence with the killing a person. There is always a period prescribed with in which the termination of a foetus can take place before it acquires these human characteristics.

4. There are many cases in which the termination of pregnancy is required as it could endanger the life of the mother or the child. In these cases of medical emergency the permission of abort the foetus should certainly be granted in interest of saving a life.

5. Woman and in some cases even girls who have been victim of rape should not be forced to suffer the torment of carrying the product of their ordeal. Such a child would become a constant reminder of that ghastly act.

6. Due to the advancement of medical technology it is now possible to determine even during pregnancy if a child would suffer from any severe disability. In such a case the child would have a very short but tragic and painful life. Therefore the parents should be allowed in such cases to choose termination of foetus to avoid spring of the parents and also of the child.

Arguments against
1. Although human rights to be respected but they do not confer a right upon any person to may a decision without reference to the wishes and rights of other persons. In the present case the father also has a say regarding the fate of their foetus. Most importantly the child to have a right to life the mother right to choice can not be above the right to life. Women have reasonable right over their body but it certainly does not confer a right to decide if another human being lives or dies.

2. Unborn children can not express their right to life and this right should be protected. There are difficulties in implementation of several laws but these difficulties do not diminish the force of the principles that are behind such laws. People will continue to kill others regardless of the presence of strict laws against it therefore a does not mean that law against killing others should not be made and implemented.

3. Life is sacred absolute and inviolable. The foetus will inevitably develop the characteristics of human being. Time restrictions on termination need to be changed especially in case when it has been discovered that feelings develop in a foetus much earlier then was thought in the past.

4. Medical emergency are unfortunate but they do not make it obvious that the termination has to be performed. The dilemma of mother vs child defies solution and terminating the pregnancy to safe the life of another person could set a dangerous precedent.

5. Though a revolting crime like rape has been committed, it is not the fault of an unborn child. Denying life to some one due to the circumstances at the time of conception is not fair.

6. No body has the right to deprived another person of his life on the ground that such life would not be worth living. The presumption can not be justified especially when we see that many persons suffering from disabilities are also leading fulfilled lives.

Conclusion
The woman should have the right to choose as they have to bear the child and give birth.