Objectives of Organisation – Classification & Hierarchy

In the normal course of the working, it is very necessary for an individual and as a whole for the organisation or the firm to fix certain objectives for themselves that will act as a toll at the various stages of the future to act as a guide for the individuals and the organisation, specifying what the organisation is aiming to achieve, the specific parameters of the quality and the quantity and considering the specific duration of the time. The objectives at times provide the people at the managerial level the required direction as the objectives act as the two poles of the factor of the achievement and this is very necessary for the better management of the various things in an organisation. The setting up of the objectives is very necessary for an organisation as by the setting up of the objectives, it becomes possible for the organisation to understand that what it is aiming at to achieve and how the same can be achieved. With the help of the objectives, the organisation comes with the ability to plan the things in the advance ranging from the arrangement of the capital to the human resources to the infra structure to machinery and the technology. The organisation with the clear picture of the objectives can work in the correct planned way to get the maximum out of the employees and the maximum level of the productivity in one form or the other.

The planned structure of the objectives help the organisation to have the best level of the management in an organisation and helps the managers to completely focus on the achievement of the goals and the objectives that have been set by the organisation in the reference of the pre set vision of the organisation. The purpose for which the things are being done help a lot in deciding how the things need to be done and knowing all these factors is very necessary for the organisation to proceed further in a quick succession of the time. It is very necessary to have a pre set vision for the organisation and as a result of this the organisation can work to set up the goals and the objectives for the organisation and for the workers too and with the help of this, the organisation is helped a lot to grow and that too in a very planned way but the setting up of the objectives and the goals in support of the vision is very critical and also very necessary for the proper growth and the development of the organisation. The whole process of the planning depends on the objectives that are set up by the organisation as the planning is not at all possible in the absence of the objectives of an organisation. The objectives play a very necessary and a vital role in the whole process of the planning and along with this, the objectives also help the various forms of the managerial functions up to a very large extent and these include the processes of the direction, organising, control and many more. With the help of the objectives that are laid down by the organisation, a lot of the time is actually saved as the organisation is fully prepared with the plan as to what to do and how to do and also when to do and hence in the other words it can be said that the objectives that are in fact very clear cut in the nature allow the organisation to take the very efficient also very timely decisions and as a result of all this, the organisation is able to get the maximum out put from the employees that helps a lot in the achievement of the goals by the achievement of the better results by the organisation.

The sub objectives are the parameters that support the objectives a lot in an organisation as the objectives are found to exist in the form of a network at the various levels or the hierarchies. At the ground level where the actual working is done, the managers or the supervisors and as a whole the organisation can at times have the goals that can be multiple in the nature which can lead at times to the environment that can be very incompatible in the nature, leading to the birth of the conflicts in an organisation or at times in the teams or the groups in an organisation. There can be times when the goals of the organisation come in the front and the various forms of the personal interests need to be subordinated according to the demand of the situation in an organisation. In an organisation, the objectives and the goals are very closely related to each other and play a very key and subjective role in the growth and the development of an organisation. In fact the objectives are in one way or the other the goals that have been set by the organisation with the aim to achieve to certain things and complete certain specific purposes that is actually the wish of an organisation in the due course of the time. The objectives at times can be some what different depending up on the presence of the hierarchy as the objective of the supervisor or of the manager in the goal that is intended to give the organisation a specific and a planned scope having the complete support of the efforts of the manager that in fact give a very solid direction to the employees of an organisation. The objectives in reality are set according to the goals of an organisation that are to be set by the organisation as these are the things that the organisation aims to achieve in the coming future and act as the parameters on which the organisation want its all of the employees to work and then plan the things accordingly to achieve the set goals. The objectives should be such that they help the organisation to scale upwards and take all the employees along with the organisation to the new heights of the growth and the development. The objectives help the organisation to start a process and with the passage of the time in the due course, these objectives give further rise to the new objectives and this process continues and in fact this type of the process must continue for the better growth and the development of an organisation.

The objectives help the organisation to focus to channelize the energy of the human resources and the whole of the infra structure in order to move towards the set goals of the organisation. There can be times when the objectives can be long or short but the main point in the case of the objectives is that they must be very specific and knowledgeable in the nature. The objectives can be set for the whole of the organisation or at times can be set for the different types of the departments of the organisation as per the requirement as these various departments ultimately will help in the achievement of the goals that have set up as a whole by the organisation. The objectives in an organisation can be set for the short duration of the times as well as for the long duration of the time and as a result of this, the goals are said to be long term goals or the short term goals respectively. The objectives of an organisation will only be achieved then the sub objectives of an organisation will be achieved like any type of the organisation has a certain view to get this much of the profit as a whole but this profit will be achieved only when the sub objectives of the different departments will be achieved like in an organisation, complete support of the departments like the marketing, manufacturing, finance departments and all the others will have to complete there specific jobs as this will in turn help the achievement of the goals as a whole for the organisation. The objectives in an organisation keep on changing according to the level of the employees as all have different jobs to do at the various positions and the levels but the common factor is that all these work towards the fulfilment of the common goals of the organisation. At the top management, the main goal is decided for an organisation and depending on this the various sub objectives are given to the different departments. The sub objectives are given according to the different departments and all work trying to the attainment of the main goal that has been set by the top management of the organisation. From the top management the message goes down to the managers and the supervisors and now it’s the duty of these people to get the things done as required by the organisation. Now the managers can set there own short term objectives that are needed to be achieved from the time to time, taking the organisation slowly and steadily towards the achievement of the main goal of the organisation. The objectives that are set by the organisation must take care of the society as the objectives are the social units and hence must be set in the accordance of the environment and the society. Depending on the situations, the objectives can be changed from time to time. New objectives can be brought in and the old ones can be modified or even discarded as per the requirements of the organisation and the society. All the objectives of an organisation are dependent on each other as all moves in tandem with each other, in support of all other parameters. The sub objectives at any point of the time can not be avoided as the achievement of all these will ultimately lead to the achievement of the main goal of an organisation. So in the other words it can be said that if the various sub objectives are not achieved at any point of the time due to any of the specific reason, it will have a direct affect on the non achievement of the main objective of an organisation. So all the objectives are very much dependent on each other and as result of this these can not be taken up separately at any point of the time. The objectives posses the feature of the multiplicity and this presence of the feature make the objectives very special in the nature. The managers keeping in mind the main objective of an organisation, at times come up with the multiple short term objectives that he or she tries to achieve and tries to keep the team motivated as with the fulfilment of such objectives, the main objective looks to be very near to the completion or the achievement. At the various levels of the hierarchy, a large number of the objectives are taken up from time to time depending on the various forms of the areas of the business taking in to the consideration the objectives and the sub objectives of that particular department.

This is the main job of the management to set the planning in a very good way so that the path towards the achievement of the goals of the organisation is made much easier and very simpler. The objectives that are brought in to the picture by the management must not be superficial in the nature and must be based on the practical views. The philosophy and the concerns of the employees and the society must be taken in to the account before setting up the objectives of an organisation. The objectives should be such that they are very close to the reality and not close to the imaginative world as with the help of this only, the real performance will come out as the objectives that are actually away from the reality do a great level of the harm and as a result of this, the staff of the organisation is de motivated and hence are not able to perform to the best of there abilities and hence the goals that have been set by the organisation suffer at one point of the time.

Depending from time to time and from the condition to the condition, the objectives can be of few types namely, the primary, secondary, individual and the social objectives. The primary objectives include all those thinking patterns, the points and the goals, keeping in mind, for all those the organisation has been formed or started. The organisation is just a group of the people working together towards a similar goal and on the basis of the same vision that has been set by the organisation. In the initial stage of the working, the individual or the group of the individuals have the certain plan to achieve some thing but for doing this, all the things can not be done by a single person and hence as a result of this, the organisation is formed and the various other people based on the requirement are selected and finally hired. All the goals and the objectives that are present from the initial stage and as a result of which the organisation is formed, are referred to as the primary objectives. These types of the objectives mainly focus on the organisation as a whole and not on the specific individuals. The individual or the group of the individuals start a certain type of the work to earn more and more profits and all such type of the objectives form a part of the primary objectives. By providing the services and the products by the company,, the profits can be earned and this is actually the primary objective of each and every organisation as then only the survival of any type of the organisation or the firm is possible at any pint of the time. The products that are made by the organisation are actually according to the demand of the customers from time to time and the organisations focus on all these demand to come up with a certain type of the product. Making the profits is important all the time but there must be a certain way of doing this as the profits must be made in the accordance of the ethics as the profits that are made along with the proper satisfaction of the customers is very important and at the same time very satisfying for the organisation as well as for the customer. As with the help of such profits, the organisation is able to earn the much desired goodwill and as a result of this the process of earning the good client age with profits made in accordance of the ethics at the regular intervals of the time. The targets of the organisation can be achieved if the targets at all the levels are fulfilled and this will be possible only if the products that are being made by the organisation or the various forms of the services that are being offered by the organisation are in the accordance of the requirements of the people and this process is very essential to do in the right direction of the growth and the development. The primary objectives are impersonal in the nature. Now comes the turn of the secondary objectives and these are all those objectives that play a very important role and actually work towards the fulfilment of the primary objectives. In the case of the secondary objectives, all the target areas are considered and the planning is done to put in the special out of the socks efforts to achieve the primary objectives by increasing the level of the productivity with the help of the increase in the efficiency of the level of the performance. The secondary goals involve the goals that are having the relation with the in depth analysis of the products and the services that are being offered by the organisation, followed by the guidance at the various times when ever the same is required by the individuals or as a whole by the organisation in the accordance with the very critical process of the interpretation of the various things and the conditions from the time to time. All those objectives that are found supporting the primary objectives come under the name of the secondary objectives. Just like the primary objectives, the secondary objectives are also very impersonal in the nature. The targets of an organisation will be achieved if the products and the services are provided at the right required time and in the right quantity and the quality but with the changing time, the requirements of the people keep on changing from the time to time and hence as a result of all this it is very necessary to be very updated in the nature and come up with the new and new processes and the techniques to keep the pace with the demands of the public. Hence the main primary objective of the organisation will be fulfilled only if the organisation is having the various secondary objectives to be fulfilled as these only will lead to the fulfilment of the goals of the organisation. The process of aiming to add a lot more of the products and the services to accommodate the people on a greater extent and then ultimately to achieve the primary goals, all lead to the formation of the secondary objectives. Hence in the other words it can be said that the objectives of the organisation that are set by the organisation and for which the organisation is started are called as the primary objectives but all those objectives which are brought in to the picture to support the various types of the primary objectives are referred to as the secondary objectives and as a whole it can be said that for the achievement of the primary objectives it is very necessary to achieve the secondary objectives as the secondary objectives are in the full support of the primary objectives and as a result of this the primary objectives can not be achieved if the secondary objectives are not given the due respect, hence secondary objectives are generally referred to as the pillars of the primary objectives.

Now after this comes the turn of the Individual Objectives, these are the objectives that come in to the lime light at an individual level and the completion or the achievement of such type of the objectives lead to the fulfilment of eth primary objectives as a whole. In an organisation, the top management comes up with the planning and the policies and the various forms of the rules and the regulations that decide that what has to be made and how the same has to be made and in which quality and the quantity and also mentioning the duration of the time in which the same needs to be done. These goals are generally made on the quarter basis or on the half yearly basis or on the yearly basis. But on the ground level the targets as a whole can be achieved only if the work is done on the daily basis and the planned things are tried to be achieved on the daily basis or the weekly basis or at the monthly basis. The achievement of such type of the goals helps in taking the company forward towards the achievement of the various forms of the primary goals that have been set by the organisation on the basis of the pre set vision of an organisation. so in the other words it can be said that the individual objectives in fact act as the subordinate to the primary objectives as well as to the secondary objectives and these are actually very important to be framed and then work on these in the present scenario of the extreme competition as then only the survival is possible in very simple terms. The individual objectives are generally found to be having a large amount of the focus on the economics, non financial rewards, and psychology as all this focus of the objectives can be achieved by the major focus on the time, effort and the skill. For having an in depth analysis of this type of the objective let us go through an example as this will help in understanding the things in a much better way. Consider any type of the organisation that is involved in providing the products or the services to the public to earn the profit. Now every year the top management of the company comes up with the plan as to what different the organisation is planning to do and what all has to be done and how the same has to be done and in which quality and also in which quantity, giving a very special mention to the productivity of the time. All these instructions are transferred to the below hierarchies from the time to time and now here comes the job of the managers or the supervisors to get the things done as being demanded by the top management. Now the manager or the supervisor is the one who is responsible for kicking of the things at the right time and also at the right speed and the form or the mode so as the things start to happening from the day 1 and at the end of the quarter or the year, the things seem to go in the right way that is planned by the organisation. The manager plans the things that are to be done by his or her team on the daily basis, then for the weekly basis and then further at the monthly basis. The manager possess the tactics how to get the work done from his or her employees as demanded by the top management and this can include the provision of the excellent working environment to the employees as this will help in getting out the maximum out put from the employees of an organisation. There are times when the manager may come up with certain competitions to achieve certain targets in a mentioned fixed period of the time as with this the sense of the challenge can be created among the employees and by this too the employees can work at times out of there socks and hence increasing the level of the productivity by a large means and ultimately leading to the achievement of the primary goals of an organisation. From time to time the various non cash rewards also come up offering movie tickets at times, certificate of appreciation, taking the achieving staff member to a lunch and much more, what happens by this is that a sense of the competition can be built in the employees and the level of the motivation also goes up in such a case and hence in the other words it can be said that the productivity can be increased by all this, leading to fulfilling of the goals of the organisation. The individual here tries to achieve the set goals taking all the things as a challenge and to come up above all other employees and as a top management, seeing all this is actually very satisfying and here the human resource will work in such a way that he or she will work in such an exclusive way that he or she will try to make the best possible use of the time, the raw materials, efforts, skills and the various other resources that are present in any form. Every member of the organisation has some desires and the needs and as a whole same is the case with organisation as it is also having some plans and the desires to get some things achieved and for this only the organisation hires the staff so that the work can be done on the management’s behalf as every thing can not be done by the management it self and in the same way, the staff members are also having some of the desires and the wishes and the needs that are needed to be satisfied and to earn they start to work for some one. So in the other words it can be said that all this process actually involves the mutual benefits in which both the parties are satisfied from time to time. But a lot depend on the management of the organisation as it must possess the tactics to get the work done from the employees in one way or the other that too by providing the employee happy always, by taking acre of the employee and always keeping the staff member motivated and the same can be done by offering at times, may be for certain profiles, incentives as this will motivate the employees by a very great deal to get the things done in the right way and also when ever the same are required by the organisation. At the last but not at all the least, comes the turn of the Social Objectives. As the name it self suggests, these type of the objectives are the ones that are completely focusing on the society that include the various types of the obligations that are being demanded by the governments at the centre level or at the state level, by the various forms of eth government agencies from the time to time and may be in 1 form or the other, by the various social groups or the communities and many more. The main objectives of such type of the goals are to bring in the improvement in the society in 1 way or the other and do business in such a way that it not at all caused the harmful affects to the society and in fact in turn brings the positive affects for the society from the time to time, so in the other words it can be said that with this these type of the social objectives, the main aim if the organisation is to bring an improvement in the environment of the society in the physical, social and the cultural modes as this is very necessary for the organisation and the society as well as both move in tandem with each other. There was a time when these type of the objectives were present only in the book of the records but on the ground level they were actually no where but these days the Social Objectives are being given a lot of the importance as required as in the past the environment has be deteriorated and the main reason for this is that the proper care was not taken towards the society and the main focus was just on how to earn the profit but that has brought the society in present world, actually no where. But the things have changed a lot in the present world as the main focus is just not earn the profit but to earn the profit in such a way that the society is not at all affected but instead some thing new and good is done for the society in return. The issue of the health of the staff of the organisation and also for the people of the society is very necessary that included the working conditions in the organisation must be excellent both physically and mentally and same is the process for the people of the society that says that proper type of the products and the services must be delivered by the various kinds of the organisations that are very good and keep care of the society by making of such products and the services that comply with the certain standards that have been given the place by the various checking authorities of India as well as at the international level. The quality and the quantity of the product and the services must be in the accordance of what has been said, keeping in mind the favour for the society. Further there are more obligations for the organisation towards the society and these actually include the use of actually every thing in the best possible manner as there are certain things that are becoming less day by day in the organisation and hence all these things must be used in the best way so that the present generation can also earn there living but also leave the resources for the coming generations to earn there living too. So the health of the society must be given the large amount of the importance as without this the organisation will not be able to earn the good will of the society and in the absence of this the survival of the organisation will not be that easy in the nature so the things must be planned in such a way that the organisation is also benefited but the society is not at all put in to the danger. This is the reason the society these days is expecting a lot from the organisations and the main reason for this is that the organisations are not taking care of the organisations in that required way and hence the expectations of the society has increased as the time has passed and as a result of all this, the things are being demanded from the organisations in the legal form. As a result of this the companies or the organisations these days have to spend a part of there profits on the society and in the technical terms this is called as the Corporate Social Responsibility. This has been made mandatory by the governments at the centre level as well as at the state levels as the profits that are shown by the organisations in the books, according to that data the organisations have to spend the mentioned amount for the society and this is mandatory in the nature. So as a conclusion of the objectives, it can be said that the objectives act as a part and the parcel of the any type of the activity that is actually carried on by the organisation and with out all these the company will go no where and hence the survival will become very difficult as there is a lot of the competition in the corporate world ad the other organisation will waste literally no time to go further and moving the other organisation out from the competition. So the making of the objectives is very necessary but even more necessary is that the same need to be followed as well in the very right and the true spirit as then only the level of the productivity will be increased and the growth and development of the individuals and also of the organisation will be achieved.

Now after the types of the objectives, comes the turn of the hierarchy of the objectives. The hierarchy of the objectives can range from the particular individual objectives to the wide aim objectives. Starting from the top end of the hierarchy, the main goals that are set by the organisation make there place as the whole of eth game start as a result of all these type of the objectives as these are those objectives as a result of which the organisation has been started. It is very necessary to set the objectives after having an in depth analysis of responsibilities that the organisation is having towards it self, also to the society and for sure for its employees. The best way by which the organisation can oblige the society is by providing the best possible quality to the people of the society and that too at very reasonable rates that can be afforded by the people of the society and ultimately make the use of the products and the services of an organisation. The main aim of any type of the business is to provide the specified products and the services in the right form and the main goals of the organisation are decided by the management at the top of any type of the organisation. The management at the higher level is involved in almost every major decision that is taken by the organisation as the objectives for the main areas of the concern are set up by this top management of the organisation. after these objectives that have been set by the top management of the organisation, comes the turn of the various goals and the objectives that have been set up below the top management objectives and these are the objectives that are actually set by the various small department or the units or at times by the various groups or the teams and the main motive of all these type of the objectives is to lead to the fulfilment of the main objectives or in the other words, the primary objectives of an organisation. One thing that must be kept in the mind is that every thing in the organisation can not be done by the top management and hence there comes the role of the middle management and all such type of the decisions art taken by the middle management in the accordance of the main objectives that have been set by the top management of the organisation. The middle management includes the various types of the functional managers or the vice president. Then at the bottom of the hierarchy comes the turn of the objectives that are actually decided for the individuals and all such objectives are decided by the junior level management as this management is the one that is responsible for the set up of the levels of the performance of the individuals. The objectives re said to fixed up at the various points of the hierarchy but from the day 1, the main topic of the concern has been that these objectives should be fixed from the top to the bottom or from the bottom to the top. As a result of these 2 ways, it has actually given rise to the 2 forms of the approaches namely the Top Down approach and the other one called as the Bottom up Approach. The main difference between the 2 types of the approaches is that in the Top Down approach, the top management is the one who sets by the various forms of the objectives for there subordinates but this is not the case in the Bottom up approach as in this type of the approach, the subordinates themselves analyse the situations and set up the respective objectives for themselves and after this present the same to the top management of the organisation. In the Top Down approach all the key objectives fro the organisation are set up by the Managing Director or the Board of the Directors or the Chief Executive Officer of the top management of the organisation. This approach is very useful in the nature as with the help of the use of this type of the approach in the organisation, the objectives can be very properly synchronised in the nature as well as in the working and that too for all the different areas or the department or the various units, groups, teams of an organisation. But all this is quite different in the other form of the approach that is called as the Bottom Up Approach as here the top management is some what dependent on the employees working at the ground level for the objectives as the top management here is not aware of the facts and the figures of the organisation and also is not that aware of the basic requirements of the organisation at the ground level and for this it has to be in touch with the ground level employees to get the required feed back from time to time. As a result of all this, in this type of the Bottom up Approach, the objectives are set up by the employees working at the ground level and then this moves up like the capillary action and all this is shared with the top management of the organisation. The employees in this case are much aware of what is to be done and how the same is to be done and what is the duration of the time to do all the things and as a result of all this, the planning can be at it s best form and the levels of the motivation also touch the sky with level of the commitment of the employees for the organisation also touching the sky and hence as a result of all this the levels of the productivity are increased by a huge amount as the main aim of the employees here is to fulfil the things that have been given by them only to the organisation and hence the organisation here is able to achieve the goals in a very excellent way. One point that must be kept in the mind and that is very clearly supported by the various form of the research work that has been done in the whole worlds at various places from the time to time is that one should never ever completely depend on the 1 type of the approach and the system in an organisation must be a mix of both types of the approach as when ever required the top management should control the things but when required the employees at the various level of the hierarchy must also be involved for the necessary feed back. The mix will help the organisation to control the fact that no one will be able to misuse or discriminate the others at any point of the time. There can be times when the top management may come up with certain rules and the regulations and the policies according to there specific thinking but perhaps they may not be able to adjust to the ground level of the working and hence here the employees who are actually working at the ground level must be involved as this will help the organisation to manage the things in a much better way without the wastage of the different forms of the resources. But saying or writing things in the form of the article is very easy but doing or getting the same done in the practical world is very difficult in the nature. The Bottom up approach is mainly possible when the size of the organisation is not that large in the working and also depends a lot on the environment of the working in an organisation, the people who are sitting at the top management and how they want the things to go and in which direction and how urgent the things are taken by the top management. There are some organisations, where the top management is the king and works also as a king and here the rules and the regulations are just brought in to the working with out the consultation of any other employee as no type of the feed back is asked from the employees but there are some organisations where the employees are actively involved in by the organisation to take part in the making of the rules and the regulations of the organisation as there feed back is asked from all of them from the time to time. And this is very important as with this the top management comes to know what actually is going on at the ground level of the working and what actually is the demand of the staff members, what actually is the requirement of the public these days, what all needs to be changed and what all needs to be brought in, a lot of the time of an organisation is saved and also the energy as there are times when the organisation comes up with a certain plan but when it goes to the ground level of the working, the things actually change as this is not in the accordance with what is required in the practical world as the plan is generally on the basis of the imaginative world, hence the involvement of the employees at the various pints of the times is very necessary as this will help to bring in the good set of the rules and all that what is required practically leading to saving of a large amount of the time as well as the money.