In order to ensure the smooth operations of the organization, the managers have to formulate and implement a number of policies in the organization. Mainly these policies can be classified as:-

Major policies: the major policies of the organization can be described as the policies that are used for providing a unified direction to the organization and which require the commitment of significant resources of the organization. In this way, the major policies provide direction to the organization in its efforts to achieve its objectives. Therefore it is very important that the major policies are capable of supporting the goals of the organization.

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The policies are created by managers to make sure that the operations of the business runs smoothly. However there are certain factors, internal as well as external, that have an impact on these policies. These factors include:-

1. The objectives and strategies: the policies are created with a view to help the organization in achieving its objectives. Therefore the objectives and the strategies adopted by the organization provide the limitations within which the policies of the organization have to operate. At the same time, it is also very significant that the policies adopted by the organization are consistent with the goals and strategies of the organization.

2. Structure of the organization: the structure of the organization decides the level of positions of the employees and also decides the authority and the responsibility that has to be provided to the employees. Therefore the process of implementing a policy in the organization is also impacted by the nature of the structure that has been adopted by the organization. A policy implemented in the organization has to be consistent with various positions as well as the roles of authority in the organization. In the same way, the process of policy determination is also significantly impacted by the structure of the organization.

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Policy formulation process: creating policies for the organization is an integral part of the process of planning. In order to ensure that the operations of the organization run smoothly, proper policies have to be formulated by the managers. However, a comprehensive process is involved in creating the most suitable policies for an organization. Therefore, the below mentioned process needs to be followed by the managers while creating policies for their organization:-

1. Identifying the policy area: first of all the managers are required to identify the particular field for which they are going to formulate the policy. At the same time, the managers are also required to consider the objectives as well as the demands of the organization. For example, when the managers are formulating policy related with marketing, they should keep in mind the expectations and the thrust areas of marketing for the organization. In the same way, the scope of the policy formulated by them depends on the area that such policy is going to cover. Therefore, it is a very important that first of all the managers identify the particular area that is going to be covered by the policy that they’re going to create.

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Every organization has to make a number of decisions. Some of these decisions have long-term orientation and some decisions are related with the day-to-day operations of the organization. The long-term decisions also help in further decision-making. In this regard, policy and strategy are the parts of planning that provide guidance for further decision-making. Generally, the terms policy and strategy are used interchangeably but in reality, the orientation and significance of these two terms is different.

What is Policy?
Policy can be described as a general statement that has been formulated by an organization to provide guidance for the managers. First of all, objectives are formulated and then policies are created to achieve these objectives. Policies can be described as the mode of thought and the principles underlying the activities of the organization. It needs to be noted that policies do not need any action but the purpose of the policies is to guide the managers in their decision-making commitments when decisions are not made by them. At the same time, both policies and objectives are used for achieving the goals of the organization but both of them are different. Objectives can be described as the goals and policies are the methods that are used to achieve these goals. While the objectives are the endpoints of planning, policies provide the general methods to achieve these objectives. A policy provides the basic guidelines and the person implementing these policies have the scope of interpreting them. This means that a policy has to be flexible and on the other hand, a rigid policy turns into a rule.

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The points that are generally given in favor of permitting voluntary euthanasia are:-

1. In the present world, it will be logical to allow voluntary euthanasia. Despite the significant advancements made by the medical science, still there are several diseases that are not curable. Therefore in these cases, voluntary euthanasia should be allowed so that these people may end their suffering. In the same way, voluntary euthanasia should also be allowed in case of the criminals of war crimes. If these persons want to end their life, the state should allow them to do so because the state has to make considerable expenditure for keeping them in prisons.

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