Sampling Frame
A sampling frame can be defined as the list consisting of the units of the population. One very necessary and critical point to be kept in mind in case of the sampling frame is that it should be made up to date and also it should be free from the various errors of the omission and duplication of the sampling units. In many cases, it has been observed that the preparation of the sampling frame sometimes becomes a very critical practical problem.

A perfect frame is the one that is able to identify each element only once and these frames are very rarely available in the real life.
A sampling frame may consist of different types of defects and these defects can be classified on the following lines:-
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Introduction and Meaning
In the Research Methodology, practical formulation of the research is very much important and so should be done very carefully with proper concentration and in the presence of a very good guidance.
But during the formulation of the research on the practical grounds, one tends to go through a large number of problems. These problems are generally related to the knowing of the features of the universe or the population on the basis of studying the characteristics of the specific part or some portion, generally called as the sample.

So now sampling can be defined as the method or the technique consisting of selection for the study of the so called part or the portion or the sample, with a view to draw conclusions or the solutions about the universe or the population.

According to Mildred Parton, “Sampling method is the process or the method of drawing a definite number of the individuals, cases or the observations from a particular universe, selecting part of a total group for investigation.”

Basic Principles of Sampling
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After the selection of a proper research design, a research problem is selected followed by a finalized plan of action. After all these steps, comes the stage involving the collection of the data this data is required during the various phases of study. So now we will study about the details of the sources of the data collection, importance of the data collection and also about the various methods that can be used for performing this purpose of the data collection.

Today’s world, which on a large scale is affected or governed by the marketing environment and a very very competitive scenario depends largely on the way the various decisions are taken for solving the various research problems. In such a scenario, research methodology plays a very vital and essential role. The results that are obtained are or can be considered useful or meaningful only if the information used is up to date i.e. the results should be credible in nature.

Very important point which should be kept in mind and should be given due importance is that the data that is collected should not just be a collection of words but should be very meaningful in nature and should act as an information for the researcher during the various research operations.

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Formulating the research problem and hypothesis acts as a major step or phase in the research methodology. In research, the foremost step that comes into play is that of defining the research problem and it becomes almost a necessity to have the basic knowledge and understanding of most of its elements as this would help a lot in making a correct decision. The research problem can be said to be complete only if it is able to specify about the unit of analysis, time and space boundaries, features that are under study, specific environmental conditions that are present in addition to prerequisite of the research process.

Research Process
Research process is very commonly referred to as the planning process. One important point to be kept in mind here is to understand that the main aim of the research process is that of improving the knowledge of the human beings.

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Various types of research design are as follow:

1. Research design for exploratory or formulative studies
• In this type of design, a vague problem is selected and understood and is then followed by an exploratory research to find a new hypothesis and then carrying out conclusion research decisions to finally get new ideas.
• Aims at finding a new hypothesis.
• Individual surveys, referring to secondary sources of data etc. play an important role in such research designs.
• Reviewing related literature, following or surveying people having practical experience in the problem related field act as very important and most commonly used methods by an exploratory researcher.

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