Data Processing Methods

1. Batch processing system –
a. Until the early 1960’s, this was the only method used for the processing of the data.
b. But is still used in certain methods involving the massive volumes of the periodic transactions.
c. Involves the storage of the information in a group or a batch till such a time when it is efficient or necessary to process them.
d. Very efficient for the preparation and processing of the transactions, when they are processed against the sequential file.
e. The various transactions are accumulated in a transaction file.
f. This transaction file is periodically used for the up – gradation of the master file, which consists of the permanent information on the different entities.
g. Very useful for the enhancement of the control of the transaction processing.
h. One major drawback of this type of the system is the delay in the detection and the correction of the different errors.

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Data communication can be defined as the transfer of the information from one individual to another. With the help of the data communication, one is able to reach others with the help of the transmission of the ideas, facts, thoughts, feelings, attitudes and the values. But it is very much important to understand one point here, which says that there is a lot of difference between the data communication and the communication. The main difference between these two is that the data communication is very much specific in the accordance to the computer – based management information system. Data communication consists of the following –

1. Data processing – In the information system, data acts as the back – bone and helps in keeping the various components of the information system glued to each other. Data is actually in unstructured form consisting of the data in the complete isolation in order to be used as the raw material of or for the information system.
Data can be easily expressed in the form of the numerals and can also be expressed in alphabetic, alpha – numeric, images, special characters, symbols etc.

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Introduction
In today’s world we are largely depending on the computers to do a large number of our works but one major point that is very important to under – stand is that a computer has the ability to work very fast and efficiently for us but it does not possess the ability to work on its own i.e. someone is required to operate it. A computer has to be given the instructions, which will make it to perform a particular task in a given time.

So it can be said that only by guiding the computer by giving instructions, a computer can be made to work and solve different problems etc.

These instructions that are given to the computer by which it works or performs the various activities are referred to as the computer programs. With the help of the suitable software’s, the computer is able to provide the required results to us and hence it can be said that the software leads the computer to function in the way we expect or want it to work or perform.

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While it is very important that a good strategy should be formulated, it is also very important that a strategy should be implemented properly. Therefore, the below mentioned steps can help in implementing a strategy properly.

1. Proper communication of strategy: The first step that needs to be ensured in the proper implementation of a strategy is that it should be effectively communicated to the managers who have the responsibility of making decisions in the organization. It is very necessary that the strategies adopted by the organization are communicated and understood in the same way in which the framers of the strategy wants them to be, otherwise desired results cannot be achieved from these strategies. For example the top-level management of the company is clear regarding the strategy and the results that are expected to be achieved by such a strategy but if this information has not been properly communicated to the relevant managers, these objectives may not be achieved by the strategy.

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The success of an organization depends on several factors which include the strategies adopted by the organization. In this way, formulating the most appropriate strategies for the organization becomes a significant task of the top management. At the same time, it is also very important that the strategies adopted by the organization are carefully evaluated in order to see if these strategies are proving beneficial for the organization or not. The below mentioned standards can be used to decide if a strategy has proved to be successful or not.

1. Consistency: A successful strategy should play a role in creating consistency in the organization. The reason is that a wide range of policies, programs etc. are used in an organization with a view to smoothly run the day-to-day operations of the organization. Therefore, it is very important that the strategies adopted by the organization should fit with the internal management of the organization and does not disturb the other aspects of its operations. In the same way, the strategies adopted by the organization should not be inconsistent with the policies adopted by the organization.

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