What are the methods or techniques of Training?

Different methods of training are as follows

1. On the job training (OJT)
In this method a trainee is placed on the job and then taught the necessary skills to perform his job. Thus in this method the trainee learns by observing and handling the job under the guidance and supervision of instructor or a supervisor. Thus it is also called the learning by doing method. Techniques like coaching, committee assignments and job rotation fall under this method. Job instruction training, (JIT) is also a popular form of the job training. JIT is used for imparting or improving motor skills with routine and repetitive operations. While on the job training allows a trainee to learn in the real environment and handled real machines. It is also cost effective as no extra space equipment personnel or other training facilities are required for imparting this training. The employees also learn the procedures and rule and regulations in this training. There are some limitations also in this method. The noise at the real work places makes it difficult for the new employee to concentrate and there is danger that the employee under training might cause damage to equipment or other material.

2. Vestibule training
In this method a training centre which is known as vestibule is set up where real job conditions are created and expert trainers train the new employees with equipment and machines that a identical with the ones that employees will be using at their work place. This allows the trainees to concentrate on their training because there is no noise of the real work place. As the same time the interest of the employee remains quite high as real work place conditions are simulated in this training. It also saves new employees from a possible injury or any damage to the machines at the real work place. Vestibule training is beneficial for training a large number of employees in a similar type of job. But vestibule training involves the lot of expenditure as experts trainers along with the class room and equipment are required to simulate the real work place environment which is very difficult to create.

3. Apprenticeship
It is the oldest and most commonly used method of training in technical areas and crafts and trades where the skills of the job are learnt over a long period of time. The industrial training institutes (ITI) provide this kind of training in India. The apprenticeship act 1962 requires the employers in certain industries to train a particular number of persons in specific trades. For trades like mechanist, tool makers, carpenters weaver, Jeweller, Engraver, this type of training is very helpful. Apprenticeship helps in maintaining a skilled work force and is a combination of both theory and practical. It also results in high level of loyalty by the employees and increases their chances for growth but it is time consuming and extensive method. Many persons leave this training in between because of the long training duration.

4. Class room training
It is provided in company class rooms or educational institution through lectures audio visual aids, case studies and group discussion. It is very helpful and teaching problems solving skills and new concepts. It is also useful in orientations and safety training programs. For teaching new technologies to software professionals, class room training is often used.

5. Internship
It involves training the colleges or universities pass outs about the practical aspects of their study. This method of training provides a chance to the students to implement the theoretical concepts that they have learnt during their study. Thus it balances the theoretical and practical aspects of the study. Professional likes chartered accountants, MBA’s, company secretaries and doctors are given training through this method.